Tribal unions in central and southern Iraq and the position of the Ottoman rule on them 1534 - 1831 AD

Abstract

The Iraqi clans maintained a special organization based on the unity of lineage and affiliation. The clan in the tribal society is the important basis under which the individuals residing in their monastery fall under its banner.

The uprisings carried out by the Iraqi tribal confederations led to the Ottoman Empire losing a lot of money and men that could have been used on other fronts. These rebellions also kept chaos going in central and southern Iraq and contributed to the poor economic and social conditions of the population . The study also showed that the Mamluk governors when they assumed power found an influential tribal force in Iraq, so they tried to limit its influence through continuous military operations, but they were not able to impose their authority on the tribes except after seeking the help of tribal support, especially from the clans supporting them and which they trusted their ties with, as well as working on the employment of the tribes Militarily, due to the lack of the necessary regular military forces, however, these methods did not work with the clans. When they realized that the opportunity was appropriate to break the authority of the rulers, they did not hesitate from their independence over all the periods of the rulers, whether the Ottomans or the Mamluks, and the clans did not calm down towards their policy